{"id":84,"date":"2020-07-10T16:36:04","date_gmt":"2020-07-10T14:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novyweb.spzo.cz\/?page_id=84"},"modified":"2021-01-24T09:20:26","modified_gmt":"2021-01-24T08:20:26","slug":"vcely-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/?page_id=84","title":{"rendered":"V\u010dely"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8220;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8220;on&#8220; _builder_version=&#8220;4.5.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220;][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=&#8220;https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/zluty-pruh-uzsi.jpg&#8220; alt=&#8220;\u017elut\u00fd pruh&#8220; title_text=&#8220;zluty-pruh-uzsi&#8220; _builder_version=&#8220;4.8.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_style=&#8220;slide&#8220; hover_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8220;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8220;4.7.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color=&#8220;#ffefd1&#8243;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8220;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8220;4.7.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color=&#8220;#ffefd1&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8220;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8220;4.7.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8220;4.7.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220;]<\/p>\n<p>V\u010dely se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 symbolem citliv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b p\u0159i intenzivn\u00edm p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin. Agronomov\u00e9 se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o to, jak v\u010dely chr\u00e1nit a v\u010dela\u0159i se ptaj\u00ed, pro\u010d jim v\u010delstva opou\u0161t\u00ed \u00faly p\u0159ed zimou. \u0158e\u0161\u00ed se otravy v\u010del chemick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin, studuj\u00ed se repelentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin i nap\u0159\u00edklad to, zdali neprodukuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 hybridn\u00ed odr\u016fdy \u0159epky m\u00e9n\u011b nektaru a pylu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny tyto a dal\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky jsou mnohdy nezodpov\u011bzen\u00e9, proto se je<strong> Svaz p\u011bstitel\u016f a zpracovatel\u016f olejnin<\/strong> rozhodl ve spolupr\u00e1ci s <strong>\u010ceskou zem\u011bd\u011blskou univerzitou<\/strong> v Praze hloub\u011bji prozkoumat a na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f pokus\u016f n\u011bkter\u00e1 t\u00e9mata objasnit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hlavn\u00ed t\u00e9mata pokus\u016f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nektarod\u00e1rnost \u0159epky ozim\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Repelence \u010di atraktivita pesticid\u016f aplikovan\u00fdch v \u0159epce a slune\u010dnici na za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btu pro v\u010dely a \u010dmel\u00e1ky<\/li>\n<li>Atraktivita odr\u016fd \u0159epky ozim\u00e9 a slune\u010dnice pro jejich opylova\u010de<\/li>\n<li>Preference intenzivn\u011b p\u011bstovan\u00fdch porost\u016f \u0159epky \u010di slune\u010dnice v\u010delami<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">V\u010cELA\u0158SK\u00c9 INFORMACE<\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #666666;\">V\u010dela medonosn\u00e1 je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 opylovac\u00ed schopnosti nezastupiteln\u00fdm opylova\u010dem d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm pro mnoho druh\u016f rostlin. V\u00a0poln\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi opylova\u010di hlavn\u011b pro olejniny (\u0159epka, slune\u010dnice, m\u00e1k a dal\u0161\u00ed), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm plodin\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #666666;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>\u010cesko pat\u0159\u00ed k jedn\u011bm z nejv\u00edce \u201ezav\u010delen\u00fdch\u201c zem\u00ed Evropy. \u010cesk\u00fd svaz v\u010dela\u0159\u016f m\u00e1 v\u00edce, ne\u017e 52 tis\u00edc \u010dlen\u016f co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje 98 procent v\u0161ech v\u010dela\u0159\u016f v na\u0161\u00ed republice. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika tak pat\u0159\u00ed mezi st\u00e1ty s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed organizovanost\u00ed chovatel\u016f v\u010del na sv\u011bt\u011b. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed organizovan\u00ed v\u010dela\u0159i chovaj\u00ed zhruba p\u0159es p\u016fl milionu v\u010delstev. To je 97 procent celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu v\u010delstev evidovan\u00fdch na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 2011 p\u0159ipadalo v tuzemsku na kilometr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed 6,7 v\u010delstev, zat\u00edm co ve st\u00e1tech Evropsk\u00e9 unie se na kilometru \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edm vyskytuje pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 3,1 v\u010delstva.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdhodou v\u0161ak u n\u00e1s z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 p\u0159evaha malov\u010dela\u0159\u016f (= v\u010dela\u0159 chovaj\u00edc\u00ed do 15 v\u010delstev), kte\u0159\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rovnom\u011brnou opylovac\u00ed slu\u017ebu v\u00a0krajin\u011b, a nen\u00ed tedy ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nutn\u00e9 v\u010delstva k\u00a0plodin\u00e1m p\u0159isunovat.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cesk\u00e9 v\u010dela\u0159stv\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00edm stabiliza\u010dn\u00edm prvkem, jak v oblasti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed produkce, tak i sou\u010dasn\u011b pro udr\u017een\u00ed druhov\u00e9 diverzity v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdravotn\u00ed stav v\u010delstev<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zdravotn\u00ed stav v\u010delstev je ovlivn\u011bn vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a vnit\u0159n\u00edmi vlivy. Mezi vnit\u0159n\u00ed vlivy \u0159ad\u00edme zp\u016fsob chovu v\u010del a o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010delstev v\u010dela\u0159em. Av\u0161ak nemoci v\u010del (v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varro\u00e1za a mor v\u010del\u00edho plodu) a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsobky (chemick\u00e9 post\u0159iky) jsou \u0159azeny do vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vliv\u016f p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch na v\u010dely.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 2014 a v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00ed zim\u011b 2014\/2015 byly po\u010dty jednotliv\u00fdch rozto\u010d\u016f (<em>Varroa destructor<\/em>) ve v\u010delstvech neb\u00fdvale velk\u00e9, b\u011bhem tepl\u00e9ho roku do\u0161lo toti\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo k\u00a0jeho p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed. To bylo jednou z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din vysok\u00fdch \u00fahyn\u016f v\u010delstev od podzimu 2014 do jara 2015. V\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b byl zaznamen\u00e1n celorepublikov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br uhynul\u00fdch v\u010delstev 34,5 % se stavem k 1. 5. 2015 oproti stavu zazimovan\u00fdch v\u010delstev k 1. 9. 2014. Po\u010det zazimovan\u00fdch v\u010delstev byl k\u00a0tomuto datu podle \u010cesk\u00e9ho svazu v\u010dela\u0159\u016f 588\u00a0060 a z\u00a0toho tedy p\u0159es 200 tis\u00edc v\u010delstev zahynulo. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vysok\u00e9ho \u00fahynu v\u0161ak nebyl jen ob\u00e1van\u00fd \u0161k\u016fdce <em>Varroa destructor. <\/em>Tepl\u00e1 zima zp\u016fsobila vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed aktivitu v\u010del, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebovaly v\u00edce energie. Obvykl\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed potravy tak \u010dasto nevydr\u017eelo a\u017e do jara. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00falech byla zji\u0161t\u011bna i rezidua p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0zakonzervovan\u00e9 podob\u011b v\u00a0pylu, kter\u00fd je p\u0159es zimu v\u010delami zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n. Tyto vlivy v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat z\u00e1nik v\u010delstva. Maj\u00ed v\u0161ak za n\u00e1sledek jeho oslaben\u00ed a v\u010delstva se sn\u00ed\u017eenou imunitou ji\u017e nemus\u00ed odolat dal\u0161\u00edm stres\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159i o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin pesticidy proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm doch\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b k po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed nec\u00edlov\u00fdch organism\u016f, jsou tyto \u0161kody \u010dasto i z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b p\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1ny a zveli\u010dov\u00e1ny. Podrobn\u011b sledov\u00e1ny jsou pouze otravy v\u010del, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdznam. V\u00a0roce 2014 bylo v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice ohl\u00e1\u0161eno pouze 52 otrav v\u010delstev v d\u016fsledku pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin. V\u00a0t\u011bchto 52 p\u0159\u00edpadech byla pouze u 12 z\u00a0nich prok\u00e1z\u00e1na otrava p\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin, a z toho jen ve 4 p\u0159\u00edpadech bylo doposud na z\u00e1klad\u011b kontrol ze strany \u00daKZ\u00daZ zji\u0161t\u011bno nedodr\u017een\u00ed <strong>z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch<\/strong> z\u00e1sad aplikace p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f z\u00a0hlediska ochrany v\u010del.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina takto zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch \u0161kod je spojena s poru\u0161en\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016f. Pod\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f p\u0159i protokol\u00e1rn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je v\u0161ak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami takto zahynul\u00fdch v\u010delstev jsou ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f hlavn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed kvetouc\u00edch porost\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi nebo nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpravky<\/li>\n<li>o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed porostu s kvetouc\u00edmi plevely zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi nebo nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpravky<\/li>\n<li>\u00falet post\u0159ikov\u00e9 j\u00edchy na kvetouc\u00ed nec\u00edlov\u00e9 rostliny<\/li>\n<li>\u0161patn\u011b vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 post\u0159ikova\u010de se zbytky zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch nebo nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pesticid\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00fahynu v\u010delstev nen\u00ed tedy nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 aplikace pesticid\u016f, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nemoci v\u010del a nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 postupy p\u0159i chovu v\u010del.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8220;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8220;4.7.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220;][et_pb_image src=&#8220;https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/vcela.jpg&#8220; title_text=&#8220;Vcela&#8220; _builder_version=&#8220;4.8.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_style=&#8220;slide&#8220; animation_direction=&#8220;right&#8220; hover_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8220;https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/vcelar.jpg&#8220; title_text=&#8220;Vcelar&#8220; _builder_version=&#8220;4.8.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_style=&#8220;slide&#8220; animation_direction=&#8220;right&#8220; hover_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8220;https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/vcelin.jpg&#8220; title_text=&#8220;Vcelin&#8220; _builder_version=&#8220;4.8.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_style=&#8220;slide&#8220; animation_direction=&#8220;right&#8220; hover_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8220;https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/vcestva-evropa-1.png&#8220; title_text=&#8220;Vcestva Evropa&#8220; _builder_version=&#8220;4.8.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_style=&#8220;slide&#8220; animation_direction=&#8220;right&#8220; hover_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8220;https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/vceli-plastev.jpg&#8220; title_text=&#8220;Vceli Plastev&#8220; _builder_version=&#8220;4.8.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_style=&#8220;slide&#8220; animation_direction=&#8220;right&#8220; hover_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8220;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u010dely se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 symbolem citliv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b p\u0159i intenzivn\u00edm p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin. Agronomov\u00e9 se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o to, jak v\u010dely chr\u00e1nit a v\u010dela\u0159i se ptaj\u00ed, pro\u010d jim v\u010delstva opou\u0161t\u00ed \u00faly p\u0159ed zimou. \u0158e\u0161\u00ed se otravy v\u010del chemick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin, studuj\u00ed se repelentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin i nap\u0159\u00edklad to, zdali [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-84","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=84"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1162,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84\/revisions\/1162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=84"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}