{"id":4517,"date":"2026-02-23T17:19:37","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T16:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/?p=4517"},"modified":"2026-02-23T17:19:38","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T16:19:38","slug":"prvni-v-evrope-precizne-vyslechtena-repka-olejna-se-dostava-ve-velke-britanii-na-komercni-farmy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/?p=4517","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b precizn\u011b vy\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e1 \u0159epka olejn\u00e1 se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii na komer\u010dn\u00ed farmy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

23.2.2026 | Petr \u017d\u00e1k<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle posledn\u00edch pr\u016fzkum\u016f YouGov (\u010derven 2025) dnes v\u011bt\u0161ina Brit\u016f pova\u017euje Brexit za chybu a v opakovan\u00e9m referendu by volila setrv\u00e1n\u00ed v EU. Brexit ale m\u011bl i jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed efekt \u2013 v Anglii od 13. 11. 2025 plat\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed pravidla k Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023, kter\u00e1 zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nov\u00fd re\u017eim pro \u201eprecision bred\u201c organismy, tedy tzv. NGT organismy. Ty jsou z\u00edskan\u00e9 tzv. nov\u00fdmi genomick\u00fdmi technikami (odtud zkratka NGT, nap\u0159. CRISPR), kter\u00e9 c\u00edlen\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed DNA nebo vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed genetickou informaci ze stejn\u00e9ho \u010di k\u0159\u00ed\u017eiteln\u00e9ho druhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento krok je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za p\u0159elomov\u00fd okam\u017eik pro britskou v\u011bdu, proto\u017ee nahrazuje omezuj\u00edc\u00ed pravidla zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 z EU nov\u00fdm, v\u011bdecky podlo\u017een\u00fdm regula\u010dn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem. V EU je podobn\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed zat\u00edm mimo realitu, proto\u017ee NGT plodiny jsou dosud obecn\u011b regulov\u00e1ny jako GMO a zm\u011bna je st\u00e1le jen v legislativn\u00edm procesu. Dokud nov\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebude form\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijato a nevstoup\u00ed v platnost, v EU d\u00e1l plat\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed GMO pravidla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Britsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed tedy vstupuje do nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry. D\u00edky kombinaci \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 v\u011bdy a zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch legislativn\u00edch zm\u011bn se Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin upraven\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed editov\u00e1n\u00ed gen\u016f. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm miln\u00edkem je spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed projektu LLS-ERASED (Light Leaf Spot Enhancing Resistance And Reducing Susceptibility with EDiting), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zachr\u00e1nit p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky olejky, jedn\u00e9 z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch plodin v zemi. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky olejky v posledn\u00edch letech \u010del\u00ed v Brit\u00e1nii existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozb\u011b \u2013 nep\u0159\u00edtelem je houbov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako listov\u00e1 skvrnitost \u0159epky (light leaf spot, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 houbou Pyrenopeziza brassicae<\/em>). Dopady t\u00e9to choroby jsou pro zem\u011bd\u011blce velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u2013 ji\u017e v roce 2017 byly ztr\u00e1ty na v\u00fdnosech odhadov\u00e1ny na 94 milion\u016f liber a do roku 2022 se tato \u010d\u00e1stka vy\u0161plhala na v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 milion\u016f liber. Situaci komplikuje fakt, \u017ee patogen si vyv\u00edj\u00ed odolnost v\u016f\u010di b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm fungicid\u016fm (zejm\u00e9na azol\u016fm), a tradi\u010dn\u011b \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 odr\u016fdy nedok\u00e1\u017eou poskytnout dostate\u010dnou a trvalou ochranu. V\u00fdsledkem je klesaj\u00edc\u00ed plocha oset\u00fdch pol\u00ed a rostouc\u00ed ned\u016fv\u011bra p\u011bstitel\u016f v tuto plodinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na tuto v\u00fdzvu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u0159\u00edlet\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt LLS-ERASED s rozpo\u010dtem 2,5 milionu liber. Iniciativu vede s\u00ed\u0165 britsk\u00fdch farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f BOFIN (British On-Farm Innovation Network) ve spolupr\u00e1ci s presti\u017en\u00edmi institucemi, jako jsou University of Hertfordshire a John Innes Centre. Projekt je financov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vl\u00e1dn\u00edho programu Farming Innovation Programme pod z\u00e1\u0161titou Defra a Innovate UK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci identifikovali konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed geny v DNA \u0159epky, kter\u00e9 ji \u010din\u00ed n\u00e1chylnou k infekci. Pomoc\u00ed genov\u00e9ho editov\u00e1n\u00ed tyto geny \u201evypnou\u201c, \u010d\u00edm\u017e rostlin\u011b poskytnou v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnost. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch GMO tento proces nezav\u00e1d\u00ed do rostliny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ciz\u00ed genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Jde o drobn\u00e9 \u00fapravy, kter\u00fdch by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout i tradi\u010dn\u00edm \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00edm, ale trvalo by to des\u00edtky let; precizn\u00ed \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed tento proces radik\u00e1ln\u011b urychluje. Projekt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 syst\u00e9m Rapid Trait Development System od americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Cibus, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u00fapravy p\u0159\u00edmo v elitn\u00edch \u0161lechtitelsk\u00fdch lini\u00edch, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dramaticky zkracuje cesta od v\u00fdzkumu na trh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unik\u00e1tnost projektu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se nezastavuje u laboratorn\u00edch experiment\u016f. Poprv\u00e9 v Evrop\u011b budou precizn\u011b \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 odr\u016fdy nasazeny p\u0159\u00edmo na komer\u010dn\u00edch farm\u00e1ch v r\u00e1mci poln\u00edch pokus\u016f veden\u00fdch samotn\u00fdmi farm\u00e1\u0159i. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00ed jen samotn\u00e1 odoln\u00e1 rostlina, ale ucelen\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek integrovan\u00e9 ochrany rostlin (IPM), kter\u00fd zahrnuje p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed rizik (syst\u00e9m vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 data o po\u010das\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed spor patogenu v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase) a podporu pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 farm\u00e1\u0159i budou m\u00edt k dispozici n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 jim na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat \u0159eknou, kdy je skute\u010dn\u011b nutn\u00e9 aplikovat chemick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se omez\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 post\u0159iky a u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1klady. V\u00fdsledky z farem nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Angli\u00ed budou sd\u00edleny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm znalostn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, co\u017e zajist\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed budou praktick\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v Anglii zcela nov\u00fd regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd odli\u0161uje precizn\u011b \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 rostliny od klasick\u00fdch GM plodin. Podle profesora Maria Caccama, \u0159editele institutu NIAB, jde o \u201ehistorick\u00fd miln\u00edk\u201c, kter\u00fd poprv\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edvat pokro\u010dil\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 technologie v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Legislativa otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k registraci nov\u00fdch odr\u016fd a posiluje potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost a udr\u017eitelnost. Zd\u016fraznil tak\u00e9, \u017ee implementace z\u00e1kona i po zm\u011bn\u011b vl\u00e1dy v roce 2024 ukazuje na silnou politickou shodu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stranami. Pr\u016fzkumy nav\u00edc nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee 56 % ve\u0159ejnosti podporuje vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed NGT v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pro tvorbu plodin odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di zm\u011bn\u00e1m klimatu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bch s odolnost\u00ed proti sv\u011btl\u00e9 listov\u00e9 skvrnitosti m\u00e1 b\u00fdt pouze za\u010d\u00e1tkem. V\u011bdci ji\u017e pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159it svou pozornost na dal\u0161\u00ed hrozby, jako je d\u0159ep\u010d\u00edk olejkov\u00fd<\/strong> (cabbage stem flea beetle<\/em>), kter\u00fd je pro p\u011bstitele \u0159epky dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm omezuj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem. Krom\u011b \u0159epky z\u00e1kon o precizn\u00edm \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e i pro dal\u0161\u00ed inovace, kter\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e v p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b \u2013 jahody s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdnosy, nutri\u010dn\u011b obohacen\u00e9 olejniny, cukrov\u00e1 \u0159epa a brambory odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di n\u011bkter\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m a plodiny s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1roky na vstupy a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di klimatick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m a dal\u0161\u00ed. Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed se tak stav\u00ed do role glob\u00e1ln\u00edho l\u00eddra v udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m, na v\u011bd\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdvoj pozorn\u011b sleduje i zbytek Evropy, kde se debata o p\u0159ijet\u00ed NGT postupn\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed \u2013 britsk\u00fd model m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako praktick\u00e9 testovac\u00ed pole pro celou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunitu.Zdroj: biotrin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

23.2.2026 | Petr \u017d\u00e1k Podle posledn\u00edch pr\u016fzkum\u016f YouGov (\u010derven 2025) dnes v\u011bt\u0161ina Brit\u016f pova\u017euje Brexit za chybu a v opakovan\u00e9m referendu by volila setrv\u00e1n\u00ed v EU. Brexit ale m\u011bl i jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed efekt \u2013 v Anglii od 13. 11. 2025 plat\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed pravidla k Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023, kter\u00e1 zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nov\u00fd re\u017eim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","footnotes":""},"categories":[69,72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktualita","category-top"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4517"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4519,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4517\/revisions\/4519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}