{"id":4917,"date":"2026-09-25T11:58:22","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T09:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/?p=4917"},"modified":"2026-09-25T11:58:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T09:58:23","slug":"vedci-s-podporou-nasa-meni-plastovy-odpad-na-jedle-susenky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/?p=4917","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci s podporou NASA m\u011bn\u00ed plastov\u00fd odpad na jedl\u00e9 su\u0161enky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u011bdci geneticky upravuj\u00ed kvasinky tak, aby dok\u00e1zaly p\u0159em\u011bnit plastov\u00fd odpad na su\u0161enky bohat\u00e9 na b\u00edlkoviny, kter\u00e9 by v budoucnu mohly slou\u017eit jako potrava pro lidi na Zemi, M\u011bs\u00edci \u010di Marsu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plastov\u00e9 l\u00e1hve a su\u0161enky spolu zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho, av\u0161ak v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak je propojit. D\u00edky \u00faprav\u011b kvasinek v\u011bdci vyvinuli syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159em\u011bnit slou\u010deniny z plastov\u00e9ho a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho odpadu na jedl\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny, vitam\u00edny, dochucovadla a dal\u0161\u00ed potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento postup by mohl nab\u00eddnout nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob op\u011btovn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b zpracovateln\u00e9ho odpadu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pomoci s produkc\u00ed potravin v oblastech, kde jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zdroje omezen\u00e9. Mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed sahaj\u00ed od oblast\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch katastrofami na Zemi a\u017e po lidsk\u00e9 mise do hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci prezentovali sv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky na podzimn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed Americk\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti (ACS) v r\u00e1mci sympozia \u201eV\u00fdzkum student\u016f bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho a postgradu\u00e1ln\u00edho studia v oblasti biochemie a chemick\u00e9 biologie\u201c v centru McCormick Place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159em\u011bna plastov\u00e9ho odpadu na potraviny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plasty a potravinov\u00e1 nejistota jsou dva hlavn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my a v\u011bdci z Southern Illinois University (SIU) Carbondale zkoumaj\u00ed, zda by jeden probl\u00e9m mohl pomoci \u0159e\u0161it druh\u00fd. Jejich c\u00edlem je vyu\u017e\u00edt mikroorganismy k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b odpadn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na potraviny, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 mohou bezpe\u010dn\u011b j\u00edst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkum vze\u0161el z projektu veden\u00e9ho NASA, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na produkci potravin v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch omezen\u00fdch zdroj\u016f p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru, kde se astronauti nemohou spol\u00e9hat na pravideln\u00e9 z\u00e1silky ze Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSna\u017eili jsme se vyvinout technologie pro recyklaci plast\u016f, abychom vyr\u00e1b\u011bli hodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed produkty. \u0158\u00edkali jsme si, pro\u010d se nezam\u011b\u0159it na v\u00fdrobu potravin? Proto\u017ee plast je uhl\u00edk a j\u00eddlo je uhl\u00edk,\u201c vysv\u011btluje docent Lahiru Jayakody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem je polyethylentereftal\u00e1t (PET), \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd plast, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch jako jsou lahve na limon\u00e1dy a vodu. PET obsahuje molekuly bohat\u00e9 na uhl\u00edk, kter\u00e9 lze potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rozlo\u017eit a p\u0159estav\u011bt na u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, v\u010detn\u011b slo\u017eek, kter\u00e9 se nakonec mohou st\u00e1t proteiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci by mohli n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto transformac\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt pomoc\u00ed chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed a laboratorn\u00edch rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel. T\u00fdm SIU Carbondale se m\u00edsto toho obr\u00e1til na mikroby, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 biochemick\u00e9 procesy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh kvasinek jako mal\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny na potraviny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f k v\u00fdrob\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek je ji\u017e dob\u0159e zaveden\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kvasinky lze geneticky naprogramovat k produkci cenn\u00fdch molekul. Inzul\u00edn, kter\u00fd se kdysi z\u00edsk\u00e1val ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch slinivek, lze nyn\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bt pomoc\u00ed um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch mikrob\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jayakody a doktorandka Sandhya Jayasekaraov\u00e1 aplikovali podobn\u00fd princip na odpad. Naprogramovali n\u011bkolik druh\u016f kvasinek, v\u010detn\u011b kvasinek peka\u0159sk\u00fdch, tak, aby dok\u00e1zaly zpracovat molekuly z\u00edskan\u00e9 z plast\u016f a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch zbytk\u016f a p\u0159em\u011bnit je na b\u00edlkoviny, vitam\u00edny a l\u00e1tky dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chu\u0165. Ne\u017e v\u0161ak kvasinky mohou tyto materi\u00e1ly vyu\u017e\u00edt, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odpad rozlo\u017een na men\u0161\u00ed, l\u00e9pe zpracovateln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed PET plasty, odpadn\u00ed kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 stonky a listy i dal\u0161\u00ed biomasu pomoc\u00ed vlastn\u00ed metody zvan\u00e9 oxida\u010dn\u00ed hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed rozklad. Tento proces, kter\u00fd vyvinul profesor geologie Ken Anderson z univerzity SIU Carbondale, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kombinaci vody, kysl\u00edku, vysok\u00e9 teploty a tlaku k rozkladu odoln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f na slou\u010deniny p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 mikroorganism\u016fm. Tyto men\u0161\u00ed molekuly pak slou\u017e\u00ed jako potrava pro geneticky upraven\u00e9 kvasinky. Mikroorganismy je p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed na nov\u00e9 potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 slo\u017eky, v\u010detn\u011b b\u00edlkovin, tuk\u016f a kyselin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od odpadn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f k su\u0161enk\u00e1m z 3D tisk\u00e1rny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakmile jsou slo\u017eky z\u00edskan\u00e9 z kvasinek p\u0159ipraveny, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci je sm\u00edchaj\u00ed s vl\u00e1kninou, \u0161krobem a sladidlem. Sm\u011bs se pot\u00e9 vytla\u010duje p\u0159es 3D tisk\u00e1rnu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikaj\u00ed su\u0161enky bohat\u00e9 na b\u00edlkoviny s n\u00e1zvem \u00b5Bites (\u010dteno \u201emicrobites\u201c). Dostupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee su\u0161enky \u00b5Bites jsou zdravotn\u011b nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9, a\u010dkoli v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch chu\u0165ov\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek st\u00e1le \u010dekaj\u00ed na institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed schv\u00e1len\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prozat\u00edm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci hodnotili su\u0161enky pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich v\u016fn\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich uvedla, \u017ee by byli ochotni su\u0161enky \u00b5Bites konzumovat v situac\u00edch, kdy je nedostatek potravinov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se rovn\u011b\u017e sna\u017e\u00ed u\u010dinit su\u0161enky atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 mo\u017enosti stravov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jayasekaraov\u00e1 vy\u0161lechtila kmeny kvasinek schopn\u00e9 produkovat dal\u0161\u00ed potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 slo\u017eky. Peka\u0159sk\u00e9 kvasinky nyn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou z rostlinn\u00e9 biomasy vytv\u00e1\u0159et vanilkov\u00e9 aroma. Jin\u00fd kmen kvasinek zase um\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt ethylenglykol z\u00edskan\u00fd z PET plast\u016f k produkci betakarotenu, kter\u00fd si lidsk\u00fd organismus dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159em\u011bnit na vitam\u00edn A. \u201eVyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me mikroorganismy k tomu, abychom ze su\u0161enky vytvo\u0159ili atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed produkt, kter\u00fd bude pro spot\u0159ebitele p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jayasekaraov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edce slo\u017eek su\u0161enky d\u00edky mikroorganism\u016fm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00edlem t\u00fdmu je, aby mikroorganismy v budoucnu produkovaly je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce slo\u017eek pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro v\u00fdrobu su\u0161enek \u00b5Bites. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b i \u0161krob, vl\u00e1knina a sladidlo, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasnosti mus\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1vat odd\u011blen\u011b. Jayakody douf\u00e1, \u017ee by tyto su\u0161enky mohly b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveny ke konzumaci ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed na Zemi by tato technologie mohla b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b cenn\u00e1 v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159epravovat nebo dod\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed potravin. Mezi mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00edsta vyu\u017eit\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed ponorky, oblasti posti\u017een\u00e9 katastrofou a v budoucnu i lidsk\u00e9 osady na M\u011bs\u00edci \u010di Marsu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci rovn\u011b\u017e vn\u00edmaj\u00ed tuto technologii jako jedno z mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rostouc\u00edho tlaku na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami. \u201eO\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee celosv\u011btov\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po potravin\u00e1ch vzroste do roku 2050 o 35\u201356 % a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace bude v budoucnu ohro\u017eeno hladem. V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee cestou k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu je vyu\u017eit\u00ed mikrob\u016f,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkum byl financov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci iniciativy NASA \u201eDeep Space Food Challenge\u201c a grantu programu CAREER (Faculty Early Career Development Program) organizace National Science Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: sciencedaily.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci geneticky upravuj\u00ed kvasinky tak, aby dok\u00e1zaly p\u0159em\u011bnit plastov\u00fd odpad na su\u0161enky bohat\u00e9 na b\u00edlkoviny, kter\u00e9 by v budoucnu mohly slou\u017eit jako potrava pro lidi na Zemi, M\u011bs\u00edci \u010di Marsu. Plastov\u00e9 l\u00e1hve a su\u0161enky spolu zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho, av\u0161ak v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak je propojit. D\u00edky \u00faprav\u011b kvasinek v\u011bdci vyvinuli syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159em\u011bnit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","footnotes":""},"categories":[69,72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktualita","category-top"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4917"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4918,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4917\/revisions\/4918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}