{"id":4936,"date":"2026-10-12T14:32:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T12:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/?p=4936"},"modified":"2026-10-12T14:32:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T12:32:54","slug":"nove-bakterialni-strategie-pro-zvyseni-zemedelskych-vynosu-v-zasolene-pude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/?p=4936","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch v\u00fdnos\u016f v zasolen\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Podle d\u00e1vn\u00fdch legend m\u011bli mstiv\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 po dobyt\u00ed Kart\u00e1ga posypat m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u016fdu sol\u00ed, aby na n\u00ed Kartaginc\u016fm u\u017e nikdy „p\u0161enka nepokvetla“. A\u0165 u\u017e se tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na skute\u010dnosti, \u010di nikoli, dob\u0159e vystihuje jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed: vysok\u00fd obsah sol\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee \u00farodnou p\u016fdu prom\u011bnit v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se plodin\u00e1m da\u0159\u00ed jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zasolen\u00ed p\u016fdy pat\u0159\u00ed mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 faktory ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou produkci, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e podle odhad\u016f Organizace pro v\u00fd\u017eivu a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f (FAO) je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm obsahem sol\u00ed ovlivn\u011bno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,4 miliardy hektar\u016f p\u016fdy. Probl\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1le prohlubovat zm\u011bna klimatu, nedostatek vody \u010di nevhodn\u00e9 zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Science Advances ukazuje, \u017ee rostlin\u00e1m mohou p\u0159i zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto stresu pomoci jejich p\u0159irozen\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed partne\u0159i. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed rodu Pseudomonas \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch na ko\u0159enov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu s\u00f3ji byl sledov\u00e1n pozitivn\u00ed vliv na tvorbu ligninu, co\u017e u rostliny vede ke zpevn\u011bn\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00fdch pletiv a zlep\u0161en\u00ed r\u016fstu rostliny v zasolen\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. V\u00fdsledky tak otev\u00edraj\u00ed cestu k mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 by mohly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it mo\u017enosti hospoda\u0159en\u00ed na p\u016fd\u00e1ch dosud pova\u017eovan\u00fdch za problematick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nejprve sledovali, jak zasolen\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed mikrobiom ko\u0159en\u016f. P\u0159i soln\u00e9m stresu se v ko\u0159enech rostlin p\u011bstovan\u00fdch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech p\u016fd opakovan\u011b zvy\u0161ovalo relativn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed bakteri\u00ed rodu Pseudomonas. Podobn\u00fd efekt byl zaznamen\u00e1n u kuku\u0159ice, \u010diroku, \u0159epky a raj\u010dete, nikoli v\u0161ak u r\u00fd\u017ee a p\u0161enice. Genomick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy nav\u00edc uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee bakterie ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed zasolen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed nesou genetick\u00e9 znaky usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed toleranci vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed sol\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se tedy, \u017ee stresovan\u00e1 rostlina nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed izolovan\u00fd organismus, ale spolu s ko\u0159enov\u00fdm mikrobiomem funk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m schopn\u00fd reagovat na nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U s\u00f3ji v\u011bdci n\u00e1sledn\u011b testovali dva izolovan\u00e9 kmeny Pseudomonas. P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nezjistili, \u017ee by bakterie v\u00fdznamn\u011b m\u011bnily hospoda\u0159en\u00ed rostliny se sod\u00edkem, jak by se podle tradi\u010dn\u00edch mechanism\u016f tolerance k salinit\u011b nab\u00edzelo. Nam\u00edsto toho aktivovaly geny biochemick\u00fdch drah zapojen\u00fdch do synt\u00e9zy ligninu. Jeho obsah v ko\u0159enech se p\u0159i zasolen\u00ed po inokulaci zv\u00fd\u0161il p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 30 a\u017e 35 %. Jeliko\u017e je lignin jednou ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch strukturn\u00edch slo\u017eek bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 st\u011bny rostlin a jeho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 tvorba z\u0159ejm\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 ko\u0159enov\u00fdm pletiv\u016fm l\u00e9pe odol\u00e1vat stresu lze i p\u016fsoben\u00ed bakteri\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jeho produkce u rostlin ch\u00e1pat jako fyziologick\u00fd benefit. Kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam tohoto mechanismu potvrdily genetick\u00e9 experimenty: zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 exprese gen\u016f GmCAD, GmCOMT a Gm4CL toleranci s\u00f3ji zlep\u0161ila, zat\u00edmco rostliny s naru\u0161enou synt\u00e9zou ligninu ji\u017e z p\u0159\u00edtomnosti pseudomon\u00e1d neprofitovaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledky se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159en\u00e9st tak\u00e9 mimo laboratorn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. V poln\u00edm experimentu na p\u0159irozen\u011b zasolen\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b vykazovala bakteriemi inokulovan\u00e1 s\u00f3ja v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ko\u0159enovou biomasu a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det hl\u00edzek i lusk\u016f ne\u017e neo\u0161et\u0159en\u00e1 kontrola. V\u00fdzkum navazuje na d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studii publikovanou v Nature Communications, podle n\u00ed\u017e divok\u00e1 s\u00f3ja vystaven\u00e1 soln\u00e9mu stresu zvy\u0161uje v ko\u0159enov\u00fdch exsud\u00e1tech mno\u017estv\u00ed purinov\u00fdch metabolit\u016f, zejm\u00e9na xanthinu. Ten podporuje chemotaxi bakteri\u00ed rodu Pseudomonas sm\u011brem ke ko\u0159en\u016fm a jejich n\u00e1slednou kolonizaci. Postupn\u011b se tak r\u00fdsuje komplexn\u00ed obraz, v n\u011bm\u017e rostlina a jej\u00ed mikrobiom vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed koordinovan\u00fd obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm bude nutn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it stabilitu \u00fa\u010dinku u dal\u0161\u00edch odr\u016fd, plodin, p\u016fdn\u00edch typ\u016f a klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Pr\u00e1v\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost v ter\u00e9nu dnes pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hlavn\u00ed limity mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch biostimulant\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee c\u00edlen\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s p\u0159irozen\u00fdm rostlinn\u00fdm mikrobiomem m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00eddnout \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd a biologicky \u0161etrn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch rostouc\u00edho environment\u00e1ln\u00edho stresu. Spolu se \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00edm, genomov\u00fdmi technologiemi a precizn\u00edm hospoda\u0159en\u00edm by tak mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed biotechnologie mohly v budoucnu pomoci udr\u017eet produkci i na p\u016fd\u00e1ch, jejich\u017e zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed je dnes v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: biotrin.cz, Copilot Designer<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle d\u00e1vn\u00fdch legend m\u011bli mstiv\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 po dobyt\u00ed Kart\u00e1ga posypat m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u016fdu sol\u00ed, aby na n\u00ed Kartaginc\u016fm u\u017e nikdy „p\u0161enka nepokvetla“. A\u0165 u\u017e se tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na skute\u010dnosti, \u010di nikoli, dob\u0159e vystihuje jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed: vysok\u00fd obsah sol\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee \u00farodnou p\u016fdu prom\u011bnit v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se plodin\u00e1m da\u0159\u00ed jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b. Zasolen\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","footnotes":""},"categories":[69,72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktualita","category-top"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4936"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4937,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4936\/revisions\/4937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spzo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}